Warnie orr methodology and its disadvantages Essay Example for Free

Warnie orr methodology and its disadvantages Essay Is a bottom up methodology used to model data and procedures where you identify the output and the processes used to generate them and their inter-relations. Its emphasis is on the output. It is analyzed thoroughly. The logic of the program is built around the structure of its data. That structure is obtained by analysis the output and going backwards to find out what the input could have been. The analysis of the output includes: †¢ Output Oriented Comment The output is the core of this system development methodology. We spend all our energy to capture the true picture of the output requirement. This is done even before we think of the physical design. We use rigorous methods to define the data output through a well designed form known as LOS. We capture details of: †¢ Output definition forms †¢ Output frequencies †¢ Data Elements It is assumed the expert can define these requirements with the help of system users who help him fill the mandatory details of these forms. The system users know what they want, but they have little knowledge of computers and computer terms. The software expert knows little about the area to be computerized and can easily misunderstand some concepts. For example computational requirements, the frequency of data use, frequency of data change. Besides when we collect the data from an existing system which is inefficient, the data is inconsistent and unacceptable. The system owners are unhappy with the output generated and that is why they want to change it in the first place †¢ We must obtain the logical output structure first before we think of its physical outlook. The physical problems of the data remain the headache of and hidden by the implementer. Ours is to give the general guidelines on the data and process requirements. This is easy said than done. We cannot claim to be general when we spend all our time worried about our output and its properties. At that level it is difficult to talk about generalities as well. We have to generate dictionaries with specific data structures. Software compatibility with these structures is mandatory. †¢ The approach is data centered, that is the processes are looked at last Take a critical look at the output before any programming activities are undertaken. We break the program into three parts †¢ The middle mapping. also known as the logical output mapping. It deals with how we produce the output and give details of how calculations are done. It assumes the physical mapping will give it the perfect data and in the correct order it is wanted. †¢ Physical output mapping: Formats the data and sends it to the output device. It is the duty of the physical output to know the details of the data format and how to obtain it from the output device. These details should be hidden from the logical mapping. The physical aspect depends on the operating system platform being used. Which tasks are taken by the operating system and which ones are not and that must be a headache of the programmer †¢ Physical input mapping which knows where and how the data is actually stored. If the data gets reorganized or changed in any way the physical input mapping is updated. When changes occur to any part, it is independent of the other parts and carries no ripple effect. Reusable code modules and design elements can be employed. Generic code can be supported to be used by many programs. Having given a summary of the method let us analyze possible problems with this type of method: Obtaining a complete System design before the physical Design This has always remained elusive in most system development methodologies. System design process continues even after implementation because new facts are discovered during actual implementation. Even when prototypes are used, still more facts and faults come into surface. Separating the logical, physical input, physical output mapping Again we need to combine data and processes together, the reason we call them objects, in objects in object oriented systems. How do obtain inheritance, aggregation and software reuse if we separate them. References 1) Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering 2) Aron, J. D. The Program Development Process 3) Booch G. , Rumbaugh J. : The Unified Modeling

Conflict is a Major Issue in Othello Essays -- shakespeare, Literary An

Conflict is a major issue in Othello, the source for all the problems in the story all lead back to love and jealousy. Love can be an extremely powerful thing in life. It can easily draw two people closer together or simply destroy something that could have been great. Ironically similar, jealousy can tear something apart just as fast as love can. This timeless tragedy starts out in Venice, with a plot to attain revenge on Othello. Iago and Roderigo are simply jealous with the fact that Othello has promoted Cassio to his lieutenant instead of Iago, along with the bitterness they both shared towards Othello to begin with (Shakespeare for Students, Othello). Together, Iago and Roderigo have come up with a plan to ultimately push Othello over the edge. For starters, Cassio unwillingly has told Iago that he is capable to be easily intoxicated and well obviously Iago uses this information against Cassio. Long story short, Cassio has stirred up a brawl to which in the long run costs him his new status as lieutenant. After all of this goes down Iago, trying to seem like the concerning friend, convinces Cassio to speak with Desdemona, Othello’s new bride, about the situation. Luckily, so Cassio thinks, Desdemona does such and tries to talk with Othello to have his dear friend reinstated. It is possible for people to make mistake. Once again Iago uses Cassio’s ignorance against him. All through the story almost every little detail and event all leads back to the scheme of Iago. Iago is thinking this could not work out better for me, so his next thought of process is that this conversation between Othello and his dear wife Desdemona will make Othello’s mind play tricks on him. Soon there after Othello is advised to keep closer watch of hi... ...or example when she asked him to tell her how much he loved her, â€Å"If it be love indeed, tell me how much†. Her maids add a little to Cleopatra’s characteristics. Also she had a messenger go to Antony saying she was dead, which she was not.Cleopatra’s character is so exotic and proud to be able to manipulate men but Desdemona is a complete opposite. Betrayal is the other ultimate theme of both of these tragedies. In Othello, he betrays Desdemona by believing the evil Iago and not communicating with his wife. He instead assumes Iago’s statements are of truth. We see Iago’s slyness and cleverness grow and a vapid rate, Desdemona’s innoncence becomes more apparent and Othello’s character galls from a noble warrior into a jealous fool. Iago is the source of the problems in Othello. He has motivation to ruin dear Othello because of the promotion Cassio gets instead of Iago.

Recruiting, Hiring, Evaluating, and Compensating Essay

Conducting my research for this class project, I have learned that conducting a thorough job analysis is an important step in filling a job opening as well as contributing to the successful growth of an organization in terms of finances and talented workers. A job analysis should be conducted to gather information about the responsibilities, duties, skills of a particular job. In addition, it can include information about the work environment and desired education and experience. There are several ways to conduct a job analysis including using the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), using an analysis questionnaire, observation and interviewing. While doing my research there are other informal ways to conduct a job analysis and it depends on the amount of time and resources allowed and the type of job position. Conducting a job analysis is important because it makes sure that the job description is accurate while being in compliance with legal and professional guidelines. It als o helps the selection process be more smooth and makes sure that the right candidate(s) is selected (David, 2011). High performers should be included as well as senior level managers and direct supervisors and anyone with critical knowledge about the job. The analysis can take anywhere from a few weeks to three months if you use a systematic process to make the analysis run quickly and efficiently (Chao, 2012). HR professionals have a responsibility to make sure that they hire productive, talented workers because this adds value to their organization and will help to make the organization prosper in the future (Chao, 2012). For this project I used the observation method as well as researching current Human Resource Receptionist and Human Resource Assistant job openings. I found that the two titles had a lot of the same tasks, skills and requirements, however, from the job openings that included the salary the Human Resource Assistant position was more ($13.00) than the Human Resource Receptionist position ($11.00). My explanation for the difference in pay is that the assistant position seemed to focus more on the administrative function of an HR department, whereas the receptionist position seemed to focus more on front office skills such as copying, faxing, answering phone lines, etc. I also found it interesting that most of the job openings required that the candidate have a college degree, but the pay is about the same as similar jobs that only required a high school diploma or some college coursework. Because of the economy and its effect on the job market, it seems as though  a lot of companies in the Nashville, TN are not really competitive when it comes to pay. Employers know that their is an abundance of highly qualified workers and HR should consider hiring new workers as well as developing their current staff (Chao, 2012), however since pay is a determining factor in job satisfaction, companies should make sure that the pay is competitive. After you have chosen candidates to interview for the open position, it is important that you stay compliant. Being unfamiliar with your policies and procedures can come off as being uncaring and negligent. In addition, it is important to document not only who you hired but who you did not hire; documenting why you did not hire someone can be an important step if your organization is ever accused of not being compliant (10 HR mistakes your employee’s lawyer will try to exploit, 2012).

Selfishness in High School - 828 Words

It is orientation for millions of high school students across the nation. Students are roaming the halls with their friends talking about schedules, classes, and clubs to join. As they walk through the halls of their high school, they see table after table. Each table represents a different club or organization the school has. The students are bombarded with comments on why they should join this one or that one. There are the community service clubs, the outdoors/sports clubs, and the academic clubs. A majority of the students across the nation will be joining some type of club. The ones that have the most members are the community service clubs. Why are so many high school students volunteering for community service? Is it because they genuinely care about helping others? Or is it that it will help them get into the college of their dreams? For most of the high school population it is the second one. Students join these clubs not because they enjoy helping, but because they will ben efit from the volunteering. High school students are selfish and only car about themselves. Community service clubs and organizations will undoubtedly have more members than the clubs such as chess or rugby. Why is that? Every year teachers and advisers tell students that colleges look for a lot of extra curricular activities, but not just any extra curricular activity. They look for the ones that will build a better person. Colleges would rather have a student who volunteered hundreds ofShow MoreRelatedIs It Good Or Bad?1622 Words   |  7 Pagesselflessness and selfishness woven in them, one is usually more prevalent than the other. Being selfless can lead to good karma, a sense of satisfaction, and feelings of wholeheartedness. Karma is the idea that what comes around goes around; therefore, people tend to believe that if they help others, the favor will be reciprocated. At times, being selfless leads to stress and fatigue due to excessive obligation to help others and not havin g enough time to fulfill self-interest. Selfishness, however, allowsRead MoreEssay on Personal Life1218 Words   |  5 Pagesoneself self-interest, and when is it rude and selfish? How far does one have to go to not be selfish? In order to be not selfish, must a person spent all their time giving to others? Is in a way giving to others even show selfishness? If that is true is it possible to end selfishness? These questions do not have straight answers, and probably never will. Yet, to understand the importance of self-interest it is important to understand my opinion of the answers to these questions. Self-interest is whenRead MoreSelf-Interest Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesoneself self-interest, and when is it rude and selfish? How far does one have to go to not be selfish? In order to be not selfish, must a person spent all their time giving to others? Is in a way giving to others even show selfishness? If that is true is it possible to end selfishness? These questions do not have straight answers, and probably never will. Yet, to understand the importance of self-interest it is important to understand my opinion of the answers to these questions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Self-interestRead MoreFrankenstein Essay - a Dire Flaw of Victor945 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander Nowak Medfield High School English 1/6/2011 A Dire Flaw In some novels, the main character often possesses a negative trait which ultimately becomes his/her biggest flaw. The manner of how the protagonist responds to his/her troubles impacts the development of the flaw. One character in particular encompasses a trait that even with his self-awareness, is unaware of the selfishness in his veins. 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William Sheldon claimed that there was a high correlation between an individual body build and there temperament. He found that â€Å"Individuals mesomorphs or individuals who had muscular builds and tended to be more risk taking were more delinquent and criminal than others† . This theory has howeverRead MoreEssay on Reaching for a Dream in Literature1381 Words   |  6 Pagestheir life. Nevertheless, they expose their sense of self-absorbance while seeking their dreams. Dreaming and aspiration are human senses, but when one considers his or her dream more important than the others, dreaming becomes another aspect of selfishness. In general, to fulfill a dream requires aggressive dedication and sacrifice. In Richard Rodriquez’s â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† the character has a dream of academic success. From early childhood, the intelligent boy, indeed, finds pleasureRead MoreMoral Dilemmas In The Movie Remember The Titans777 Words   |  4 Pagesfacing the characters with racism, peer pressure and selfishness. Alongside the writer Gregory Allen Howard, they have utilized textual structures, language features and visual features to influence the audiences response. ‘Remember The Titans’ follows the problem and solution textual structure due to solving its major moral issues and dilemmas. The narrative is based on a true story of blacks and whites learning to play together in a high school football team so they can win the Virginia state championshipRead MoreEthical Egoism Reflection Paper1739 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge me to choose a side when I’m usually in the middle. With the topic of selfishness, the hardest concept to consider this week was that everyone is selfish, which is not necessarily a bad thing. Whether comparing selfishness or selflessness, psychological egoism, ethical egoism, and altruism all somehow relate towards beneficiating, but I believe that psychological egoism is the correct way to view selfishness for its positive symbiotic relationship between the person doing the action andRead MoreSurvival And Self Preservation : The Bee Flies1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthis case, working together. However, a ll life on Earth has been known to be ultimately competitive. When basic needs are not met in the presence of limited resources, one’s own needs would be considered above the needs of everyone else; an act of selfishness to ensure survival. Although competition is emphasized in the struggle for survival and self-preservation, cooperation reduces conflict and promotes survival as all parties receive benefit from working together. In survival situations, one’s physical