Culture of FearWhy Barry Glassners Book Matters

The unsettling news of the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 was still lingering when another Malaysia Airlines flight was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile over the eastern Ukraine in July  2014. Later that year, an Indonesia AirAsia flight crashed into the ocean, killing all on board. Less than a year later, 150 people were murdered when a pilot intentionally crashed a Germanwings jet into the French Alps. With sensational news stories like these circulating in our media, its no wonder that the dangers of air travel are on the minds of many. Seated on a plane as its engines rev for takeoff, one cant help but think about the possibility of disaster. But truth be told, the risk of flight is actually quite small. The risk of being involved in a crash that results in deaths is just 1 in 3.4 million, and the risk of being killed in a crash a slim 1 in 4.7 million. In other words, you have a 0.0000002 percent chance of dying in a plane crash (this according to data compiled by PlaneCrashInfo.com, covering the years 1993-2012). By comparison, one has a far greater risk of dying in a car crash, while playing American football, canoeing, jogging, cycling, or attending a dance party.  Really. Glassners Culture of Fear Thesis Explains Our Misplaced Concerns So, why do we fear the wildly unlikely while many realistic threats go unnoticed? Sociologist Barry Glassner wrote a book about this very question  and found that by focusing our fear on non-threats, we actually fail to see the very real threats to our health, safety, rights, and economic well-being that ever-present throughout our societies. More than anything, Glassner argues  in The Culture of Fear  that it is our  perception  of the danger of things like crime and plane crashes that has grown, not the actual threats themselves. In fact, in both instances, the risks these pose to us have declined over time, and are lower today than they were in the past. Through a series of compelling case studies, Glassner illustrates how the profit-model of journalism compels media to focus on unusual events, especially bloody ones. As a consequence,  Atypical tragedies grab our attention while widespread problems go unaddressed. Often, as he documents, politicians and heads of corporations fuel these trends, as they stand to benefit politically and economically from them. The costs to us and to society can be great, as Glassner writes,  Emotional reactions to rare but disturbing events also lead to expensive and ineffective public policy. An example of this phenomenon is Jessicas Law, which requires all sex offenders in the state of California, even if they had only offended once as a juvenile, to see a psychologist before being paroled (previously this happened only if they had offended twice). As a result, in 2007 no more offenders were directed to psychiatric help than had been previously, but the state spent $24 million in just one year on this process. News Media Fails to Adequately Cover Real Threats By focusing on unlikely but sensational threats, news media fail to cover actual threats, and thus they tend not to register in public consciousness. Glassner points out the exceptional media coverage that surrounds the kidnapping of toddlers (primarily those who are white), when the widespread  systemic problems of poverty and underfunded, inadequate education, which affect vast numbers of children in our society, go largely ignored. This happens because, as Glassner observes, dangerous trends that have been around for a long time are unappealing to the media -- they are not new and, so, not considered newsworthy. Despite this, the threats they pose are great. Getting back to plane crashes, Glassner points out that while news media are honest with readers about the low risk of flight, they sensationalize that risk nonetheless, and make it seem much greater than it is. By focusing on this non-story, they divert resources from covering important issues and real threats that deserve our attention and action. In todays world we would be better served by reporting—especially by local news sources—on threats like that to our well-being posed by economic inequality, which is at its highest in nearly a century; the forces that conspire to produce an increasing number of mass-shootings; and the many and varied  threats posed by systemic racism to what will soon be the majority of the U.S. population.

Friedrich Engels Pioneered Methods For Recording The Life

Friedrich Engels pioneered methods for recording the life of the English working men. He formats his argument via the physical degree of the community degradations, supports his argument with records compiled by English officials, and makes his argument in the manner of a â€Å"social scientist.† His work emulates his skills as one of the most progressive social scientists of his age. He uses his understandings of topography, local economic systems, architecture, history, and other fields along with personal observations and repeated visits to strengthen his argument and analyze the life of the working men. Engels can be categorized as a social scientist, studying how a group of people behave, in this case the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.†¦show more content†¦He uses information gathered by journalists, doctors, coroners, and public health officials to reinforce his observations of this decay and degradation that receives little attention otherwise. Along with his clear self-accreditation as a well-read, knowledgeable, experienced surveryor of the urban world, these data support his argument. In addition to this widely gathered English professional evidence, Engels makes it clear that he is physically in these slums, talking the citizens who live in the â€Å"shacks† and entering the buildings. â€Å"The foregoing description furnishes an idea of the aspects of the interior of the dwellings.† He covers various categories of everyday life in these communities and the conditions of the working men to make his argument in the style of a â€Å"social scientist.â €  Engels fits the description of a â€Å"social scientist† in this working methods and arguments. He is an anthropologist at the core, conducting an in depth ethnographic study of the English working classes. His observations of the physical conditions of the living places create the backdrop for his data compilation of the English working class life. Utilizing geographic awareness, he describes the precise location of his observation. â€Å"†¦ eleven miles north-west of Manchester† and proceeding street names equate to GPS coordinates of today, allowing any who may find it necessary to return to the exact locations Engels made his

Error avoidance in post modern/complex adaptive system free essay sample

Robyn Dougherty MHA 601 Dr. Hwang Ji-lu February 23, 2014 Introduction In health care with the postmodernism (PM) and complex adaptive system (CAS), strategic thinking is an ability to view operations, issues and problems as they transform over years. The error avoidance is determining the causes of the problem outside the department, and the health care setting, to customers, competitors and environmental forces. This sort of system thinking is managers recognize constant changes within health care. There are different types of professional mindsets that affect and involve a number of employees in development, and the delivery of health care services. This paper will illustrate challenges in the process and errors managers have in employee development, policies/procedures, rewards and the community in market analysis. Managers Model the Process Managers have been traditionally taught to be good problem solvers: find out what is wrong and fix it (Johnson, 2009, p. 73). According to Johnson (2009) in order for managers to model the way Postmodernism (PS) and Complex Adaptive System (CAS) are two system approaches to managing healthcare organizations. CAS models the way managers develop strategies in relationships among agents, between agents and their environment that most affects the quality of the system (Johnson, 2009, p. 71). According to Johnson (2009) the PS is an umbrella term for a group of philosophical ideas that challenged the assumptions of modernism and the resultant social and historical viewpoints. Therefore there are several managerial errors to avoid. According to Johnson (2009, p. 80) the first error is the manager’s failure to account for employees to learn safe machine operations. This means when employees are left to experiment with operational equipment they will cut corners, speed up production and in so doing reduce the procedural effect they are required to use Johnson (2009). In the CAS approach the manager would pay attention to the system and not the individuals. Therefore the manager would identify operational procedures, risk and train step-by-step instructions under OSHA regulations in a training manual and how maintenance is performed in safe operations of equipment (Allen, 2012). The second error is putting all employees through the same orientation pre-in-service training. According to Johnson (2009, p. 80) this is done regardless of differences in cultural interpretation of organizational hierarchies and therefore causing the potential for conflict among employees and between employees and management caused by different expectations of roles. This means according to Johnson (2009, p. 73) a dilemma is a set of circumstances in the world that has no correct answer, but rather a circumstance where different points of view and issues of concerns come to the table together. In view of the PM and CAS system this should be a general orientation for all employees in a brief history and the mission and vision of the health care organization. In addition, not to create conflicts within the organizations culture there needs to be the development of different roles. This would be the special practices within the organizational charts, specific departments and managers should have departmental orientations for the transition to the training phase of support and clinical staff. The third error according to Johnson (2009p. 80) is improper conduct and disciplining employees expecting a change in behavior and getting a union response. Therefore rules to work by are simple, and all parties involved agree that if an employee engages in detrimental activities to the best interest of the organization, clients or employees then the employee will be appropriately disciplined. In problem solving CS and PM ask how do we achieve this and that Johnson (2009, p. 73). This means all employees must follow policies and procedures through the personnel handbook. According to Johnson (2009, p. 80) the fourth error is changing a work process without consideration the role of the communities on work performance. The community in a health care setting is the management and development of the community, and how the relationship benefits individuals, social conditions and quality performance in delivery services (Van Loon, 2007). The fifth error, According to Johnson (2009, p. 80) is assuming that employees will not relocate work assignments based on perception of the best arrangement even after receiving work allocation assignments from management. Cross functional teams work best in a health care setting and include representatives from a clinical or nonclinical area on specific transferred task or agenda assignments (Thompson, 2010). According to Johnson (2009, p. 80) messages are the speed of information or communication with which the informal organization can transmit messages and failing to manage rumors. This is the sixth error, that falls under CS and PM in healthcare management understanding uncertain natures of reality, and the implications of that uncertainty for managerial action Johnson (2009, p. 78). Therefore this would be rules to work by and engaging in improper verbal conduct which reflects on the medical facility. According to Johnson (2009, p. 81) the seventh error is failing to treat the organization’s dominant logic, as an emergent property of the system and, instead, treating it as something that can impose on the system. This is like the mission and vision of the health care system. In delivering high quality services and strong improvement programs, while maintaining cost effect operations of the system. When this system is not executed within the health care delivery system, then the environment is not empowering in a positive and supportive working conditions for all employees. The eight errors are looking for one bad apple in a group as a strategy for improving work quality, when the quality of output may be an emergent property of the group Johnson (2009, p. 81). This is like a conflict of participants that management needs a solution in grievance procedures. The resolution is to investigate, obtain information to decrease the audience and direct behavior back to the organizations goal oriented activities Thompson (2010). The ninth and tenth errors are marketing analysis and internal rewards Johnson (2009, p. 81). The ninth error is the release of a new product into the market, but ignoring the fact that a new product may change the market in such a way as to make the market analysis incorrect Johnson (2009). CAS theory calls our attention to the diversity of agents in the system and the capacity to learn Johnson (2009, p. 78). Therefore, according to Van Loon (2007) the strategic direction in the health care market analysis must have a functional area, strategic capabilities, geographic data and resources in patient center care and services. The tenth error is offering a premium to internal workers for extra production without expecting the change in reward structure to affect relationships with suppliers Johnson (2009). According to Johnson (2009, p. 76) leadership skill involves the ability to help people be reflective about situations in which they find themselves and their organization. Therefore this is a major conflict of interest. The supplier now feels alienated in services and rewards. The manager has a responsibility to build that relationship and improve the merit system to external contactors. Conclusion The above examples illustrate manager’s errors and provide a model process to increase leadership skills. The health care system is moving forward. This means constant change in the mission and vision of an organization. An organization needs to develop training programs, collaborate and disseminate information to all stakeholders. In health care with the postmodernism (PM) and complex adaptive system (CAS), strategic thinking is an ability to view operations, issues and problems as they transform over years. The error avoidance is determining the causes of the problem outside the department, and the health care setting, to customers, competitors and environmental forces. This paper illustrated challenges in the process and errors managers have in employee development, policies/procedures, rewards and the community in market analysis. References Allen, J. T. (2012). OSHA Training for Machine Guarding.

The Lord of the Rings in New Zealand Essay Example

The Lord of the Rings in New Zealand Paper The Lord of the Rings was written by J.R.R. Tolkien in 1954 and has become one of the most well known and read books in history. Christmas 2001 saw the long awaited release of the first part of the film trilogy directed by New Zealander Peter Jackson. The films took eighteen months to make and were filmed on location in New Zealand at a cost of more than  £200 million (Newsround, 2001). The book itself was a massive hit worldwide and the films look set to be just as successful. The first in the trilogy, The Fellowship of the Ring has won four Oscars (Syfy Portal, 2002) and five Baftas (Gibbons, 2002). This essay aims to examine whether The Lord of the Rings will be as much of a success for New Zealands tourism industry as it has been for its director, Peter Jackson and the impact that the film has already had on New Zealands tourism policies. New Zealand is about the same size and shape as Great Britain but with a much smaller population. A population of 3.8 million makes it one of the worlds least crowded countries (Tourism New Zealand, 2002). New Zealands landscape varies dramatically from vast mountain chains, steaming volcanoes, sweeping coastlines, deeply indented fiords to lush rainforests. It has a temperate climate with relatively small seasonal variation makes it an ideal year-round holiday destination (Tourism New Zealand, 2002). It is easy to see why New Zealand was chosen as the location for filming Lord of the Rings, its diverse landscape makes it the ideal location for everywhere in Middle Earth, from The Shire to Mordor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings in New Zealand specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings in New Zealand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord of the Rings in New Zealand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A portfolio briefing by the minister of tourism in 1999, states tourism accounts for $9.1 billion annually (10.3% of GDP) including $4.3 billion in foreign exchange earnings. The sector sustained 118,000 jobs and generated $1.5 billion a year in taxes including $478 million in GST from overseas visitors (i.e. export revenue). Tourism is a growth sector and a major driver of economic opportunity for regional areas, Maori and small business and plays a major role in enhancing international awareness and understanding of New Zealand (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). This shows how important tourism is to New Zealand and a boost in tourist numbers will massively benefit the whole country. There appear to be six main tourism departments or agencies responsible for tourism in New Zealand. The New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, The office of Tourism and Sport (OTSp) is an independent office established alongside the Department of Internal Affairs. Its role is to support the cause of tourism and sport within government in order to maximize the benefits and opportunities that can be obtained (www.nztb.govt.nz, 2002). Its primary roles in relation to tourism are to provide policy advice on tourism and events related issues; promote understanding of tourism issues within Government; act as an agent for the Minister of Tourism in negotiating the annual purchase agreement with the NZTB and undertake monitoring functions set out in that agreement; identify and provide for the information needs of the tourism sector, foster a NZ Inc approach by Government to tourism and facilitate greater co-operation between tourism, sports and events related agencies, develop and maintai n close communications with the tourism industry; administer the various relevant Acts for which the office is responsible (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). The New Zealand Tourism Board (NZTB) is a Crown Entity established by the New Zealand Tourism Board Act 1991. It has the objective of ensuring that New Zealand is so marketed as a visitor destination as to maximize long term benefits to New Zealand (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). The New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute (MACI) was established by the New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute Act 1963 and is the leaseholder of the Whakarewarewa reserve and part of the Arikikapakapa reserve (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). The Wairakei Tourist Park (WTP), which is part of the OTSp. The Major Events New Zealand Limited (MENZL) was established in July 1997. MENZL describe their role as major event development, advice to Government and developing strategies and resources to enhance New Zealands ability to attract and stage major events (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). Finally, there is Qualmark which is an independent body supported by New Zealand Tourism Board and the Automobile Association. It was established in 1994 as an independent classification and grading system to rate New Zealands hotel, motel and holiday park accommodation (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). The government in New Zealand works in partnership with the private sector, regional tourism organizations and other tiers of Government via the New Zealand Tourism Board and Office of Tourism and Sport (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). It is no longer possible to sustain a fragmented tourist industry; all areas must work in partnership with one and another. The portfolio briefing, 1999, highlights some of the problems facing New Zealands tourism industry. Tourism markets are becoming more dynamic, customized and unpredictable due to changes in customer behaviour caused by economic, social and technological change. Tourism markets are becoming more competitive and governments need to promote destinations as much as possible to try and gain a larger proportion of the market, although the cost of this promotion continues to rise due to media inflation. Advances in technology means that tourist industries have to constantly redevelop their policies and the ways in which they implement their policies so as to stay up to date with the new trends. The massive growth of the tourist industry worldwide puts increasing strain the social, cultural and physical environments, therefore governments must ensure that one of the key issues in tourism development is sustainable tourism development. One of the largest problems facing New Zealands tourist industry is the lack of understanding of the value, role and operation of tourism amongst investors, policy makers and Governments at all levels within New Zealand. Hopefully, the film will be profitable for all areas, encouraging them to take an active role in tourism promotion and provision. The role of the government is to intervene in such areas that cannot be controlled by the private sector, for example market failure and in areas that will benefit the industry as a whole, such as destination promotion. The New Zealand government have introduced five acts that are associated with the tourism industry. The New Zealand Tourism Board Act, 1991, which is administered by the OTSp, establishes the NZTB to ensure that New Zealand is so marketed as a visitor destination as to maximise the long-term benefits to New Zealand and empowers the Minister of Tourism to appoint members of the NZTB Board of Directors. The Tourist and Health Resorts Control Act, 1908, which is administered by the OTSp, empowers the Minister to manage reserve Land. The New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute Act, 1963, which is administered by OTSp, established the Institute which leases the reserve land at Whakarewarewa. The Institute encourages, develops and perpetuates Maori arts, craft and culture and develops tourism operation. The Reserves Act, 1977, This Act vests the Minister of Tourism with the power to grant leases to reserve land held under the Tourist and Health Resorts Control Act. It also empowers the Minister (and Secretary for Internal Affairs/Director, OTSp) to make and enforce by-laws and carry out management tasks required on these reserves. The Conservation Act, 1987, Section 6D 1(b) of the Conservation Act provides for members of the New Zealand Conservation Authority to be appointed by the Minister of Conversation after consultation with the Minister of Tourism (New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport, 1999). New Zealand is internationally renowned for its vast expanse of natural assets and beauty. Traditionally, international tourists were drawn to New Zealand to experience the unpolluted air and water, the open spaces and unique plant and animal life. Today, the discerning traveller is looking more for: adventure, welcoming city centres, cultural activities and a touch of nature. Tourists want more than a view of the physical New Zealand: they want an inside panorama of everyday life, culture and activity(New Zealand Government, 2002). As this quote from the New Zealand government shows, New Zealand has a fantastic environment to promote to tourists. However, tourism has become a very competitive industry and countries need to do everything in their power to attract the maximum amount of tourists. New Zealand now has something extra that they can promote, something that no other country can claim to have, it is home to Tolkeins Middle Earth. This is something that New Zealand can use to their advantage and need to promote as much as they possibly can. The opportunity to benefit from such a widely acclaimed film is one that the New Zealand government do not intend to miss out on. The simple fact that there is already such huge interest in the film, from film buffs to lifelong Tolkein fans, means that promoting New Zealand in this way appears to be relatively easy. Walker (2001) highlights the benefits of using a film to promote a tourist destination, Feature films may be seen as a valuable vehicle for specific produ ct placement. Similarly, they can also be a catalyst for destination-specific tourism, when the films messages are memorable and durable. Further, individual films are likely to reach much larger audiences than specifically targeted tourism promotion. On 9th November 2001, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Helen Clarke, announced that the government would allocate up to $9 million in additional funding over the next two years on a range of projects aimed at capitalising on the forthcoming release of The Lord of The Rings trilogy and the staging of the next Americas Cup regatta (New Zealand Government, 2001). A quote from Helen Clarke shows that New Zealand government are all in favour of promoting Lord of the Rings tourism, The government is determined that the enormous opportunities offered by the epic The Lord of The Rings project, along with New Zealands second defence of the Americas Cup, are not lost (New Zealand Government, 2001). The New Zealand government have appointed a minister for Lord of the Rings, Pete Hodgson. A press release, on 7th November 2001, from the New Zealand government, highlights the criteria for assessing and ranking proposals for each event and activity. The focus must be to showcase the best of New Zealand and have benefit for New Zealand. There must be a clear linkage between the activity and New Zealand and the defence of the Americas Cup in 2003 and/or the Lord of the Rings film trilogy. There is an economic impact assessment report provided for key events and activities and a cost/benefit analysis provided for all other projects. Either individually or collectively, private sector parties, Tourism New Zealand, Trade New Zealand, Industry New Zealand, other government agencies or entities, meet at least one-quarter of the total cost from existing budgets and or sponsorships. Finally, no new funding will be provided if it is an existing event or activity, unless it is proposed to expa nd an event or activity in an identifiable and measurable manner. There are a number of projects already in place to promote New Zealand as the home of Lord of the Rings. Premieres of the film all over the world were used to promote New Zealand as the place where the films were made and at some of the premieres the refreshments supplied consisted of produce from New Zealand. Supplements advertising New Zealand as a holiday destination were placed in all of the major film magazines worldwide. One of the main ways that New Zealand have been promoting Lord of the Rings tourism is via the New Zealand Tourist Boards website, www.purenz.com. The site offers a Flash movie that takes you through the landscape that was used for the filming and also has interviews with cast and crew. This behind the scenes journey is broken into five parts which focus on the interesting parallels between the fictional world and the real life country and people that helped realise it (www.purenz.com, 2002). Tourism New Zealand spokesperson, Josie Brennan, commented on how successful this part of the website has been so far, Weve been averaging around 4000 visitors a day but in that first 24 hours the traffic doubled over what wed been getting (www.idg.net.nz, 2002). George Hickton, chief of tourism New Zealand stated about the website that, Of the visitors, 36% are from the USA, 15% from Australia and 9% from the UK (Boeyen, 2001). Many tour operators, who say sales have risen by more than 20 per cent in the two weeks since the film was released and predict that visitor numbers will double by the end of the year (Arlidge, 2002), are promoting specialist Lord of the Rings tours. Specialist tour firm, Bridge the World says its  £1,529 Follow the Fellowship of the Ring tour, which takes visitors on a 12-night tour of sites used in the film, is selling twice as fast as expected. James Bell, the firms marketing director, said: The film has had a rapid impact. People want to see the land behind the movie. (Arlidge, 2002). This is one of the many special Lord of the Rings tours that are now available and the demand for them is growing rapidly. It appears that The Lord of the Rings is giving New Zealands tourist industry the boost it has needed. Tourist chiefs estimate that over the three years the film will boost New Zealands tourism industry by one third. Geoff Kearsley, an expert in tourism at Otago University, said: If this film achieves half of what is expected, it will be massive for New Zealand.' (Arlidge, 2002). Not only will the film boost tourism numbers in the short term, hopefully people who may have never even thought of visiting New Zealand will now see what a glorious destination it is and those that have been will encourage their friends to visit. From the research undertaken for this essay it can be easily seen that the film has already has a massive impact by boosting tourism numbers to New Zealand and by raising the countrys profile, worldwide, as the home of Middle Earth. With another two films still to be released it is almost certain that New Zealands tourism and film industries will continue to to benefit for some time to come.

ARISTOTLE Essays (4696 words) - Aristotle, , Term Papers

ARISTOTLE Aristotle is considered one of the greatest minds of classical Greece. Dante even proclaimed him the master of those who know.? He made tremendous contributions in the areas of science and mathematics, not to mention philosophy. In fact, he contributed extensively to chemistry, physics, biology, created formal logic, thoroughly studied systems of government, and developed a biological classification system.? However, the majority of those alive at the time took greater stock in his political philosophies.? It is important to know that Aristotle was one of the first men to explore science, anatomy, and the animal kingdom in depth and to recognize his considerable contribution to philosophy. LIFE Aristotle was born in Stageira, a Greek colony in Macedonia, in 384 BC. Generations of Aristotle's family including his father, Nichomachus, had served as physicians to the Kings of Macedonia. His parents died when he was about ten years old and he was taken in by foster parents: Proxenos and his wife. He moved to Athens at the age of seventeen, and he remained there for some twenty years. This is where he got his first taste of the sciences and actively became a teacher. He studied under Plato, whose influences are most apparent in Aristotle's theoretical and practical philosophies. He greatly admired Plato all the way to his death, despite the fact that he later opposed some of his most important points. Aristotle was married twice, first to the foster daughter of his noble friend Hermeias, named Pythias. After her death he married Herpyllis, who came from his birthplace, Stageira. There was some controversy surrounding this marriage because Herpyllis did not have as high a social position as his first wife, Pythias. Herpyllis gave birth to his son Nichomachus and was entrusted with the care of his daughter from his first marriage. After the death of Alexander the Great, Athens was taken over by people who didn't like Alexander. They suspected Aristotle of sympathizing with Alexander, and he was exiled from Athens. Aristotle died in 322 BC at the age of sixty-two in Chalkis on the island of Euboea, which had granted him refuge when he was exiled from Athens. ARISTOTLE'S SCHOOL Aristotle began his own education at the Academy in Athens when he first arrived from Macedonia. When he first arrived the Academy had already been open for twenty years. Aristotle would spend twenty more years as a pupil and also as a teacher. The Academy was founded by Plato, but during a great deal of Aristotle's stay Plato was away in Sicily. Math and science were taught as well as philosophical dialect. The school functioned primarily to examine thought itself and explore its power. It was thought at this time that philosophers were capable of solving the problems of mankind. They were the great thinkers who would guide their fellow men. In 347 BC Aristotle left Athens, partly because he was growing dissatisfied with the Academy but mainly because of the anti-Macedonian atmosphere emerging there as a result of the political unrest in that country. Aristotle set out for the court of Hermias, ruler of Assos in Asia Minor. In the years that Aristotle spent away from Athens there were many political changes in Macedonia. Shortly after his arrival Hermias would be killed (as a part of his court Aristotle was forced to flee to Lesbos) and Philip would make peace with Athens and unite all of Macedonia. Aristotle returned to a very different Macedonia, where he would give lectures to Alexander the Great. In 335 BC Aristotle returned to Athens where he founded the Peripatetic school. This new school was highly successful and came to outshine the Academy, despite the fact that the philosophy taught there was based on Plato's work. Only later and gradually would Aristotle's school develop its new philosophy. For now, it had a sort of improved Platonic philosophy, one that would appeal to the younger men in the Greek world. One large difference is the library Aristotle installed at the school. It was to be the largest collection of books in history, and was the model for the famous State libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum. Differences in the fundamental attitudes of the schools were that while early philosophers such as Plato had directed their thinking to

Free Essays on Racism In Othello

RACISM IN OTHELLO My aim in this study is to show how racist elements dominate the play, â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. Generally, in Othello race and colour are important factors and they repeated in various ways. W. Shakespeare tries to instill the idea of equality in all people.. He thinks that all humans on the earth created equally. Because of this reason, W. Shakespeare created Othello who is a protagonist as a black man. He gives Othello an important duty. Shakespeare portrayed Othello as a commander in the army of Venice and he is the husband of Desdemona who is white and wealthy woman. Obviously, Shakespeare uses black man for the role of important character. Besides, Shakespeare creates a romantic relationship between black and white (Othello & Desdemona) but most people think that their relationship is wrong. At the time the play was written, 1604, even the Queen of England was racist, so there must have been a strong hatred of blacks around that time. Donald Hall asserts that â€Å" Elizabethan society and theatre were more conservative. In this period, society were prosperous, expanding, energetic, adventurous and imperialistic. Elizabethan England was colourful, chaotic and relatively lawless....† (Hall, p:200). As you see, in this period, society is more chaotic and we know that all notions about racism since today rooted from those times. According to Elizabethans all qualities of moors are all negative. At that time, moors were supposed sexual capacity, savage jealousy, superstitiousness and belief in magic, tendency to anger, cruelty and savagery. Truly, it’s still common not only in England but also all around the world. I believe that, by discovering America, slavery developed and in the end, it did not finished but decreased by Martin Luther King’s effort in 70’s. But still today, racist people feel same things towards to black people. That is to say, blackness in Elizabethan Engla... Free Essays on Racism In Othello Free Essays on Racism In Othello RACISM IN OTHELLO My aim in this study is to show how racist elements dominate the play, â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. Generally, in Othello race and colour are important factors and they repeated in various ways. W. Shakespeare tries to instill the idea of equality in all people.. He thinks that all humans on the earth created equally. Because of this reason, W. Shakespeare created Othello who is a protagonist as a black man. He gives Othello an important duty. Shakespeare portrayed Othello as a commander in the army of Venice and he is the husband of Desdemona who is white and wealthy woman. Obviously, Shakespeare uses black man for the role of important character. Besides, Shakespeare creates a romantic relationship between black and white (Othello & Desdemona) but most people think that their relationship is wrong. At the time the play was written, 1604, even the Queen of England was racist, so there must have been a strong hatred of blacks around that time. Donald Hall asserts that â€Å" Elizabethan society and theatre were more conservative. In this period, society were prosperous, expanding, energetic, adventurous and imperialistic. Elizabethan England was colourful, chaotic and relatively lawless....† (Hall, p:200). As you see, in this period, society is more chaotic and we know that all notions about racism since today rooted from those times. According to Elizabethans all qualities of moors are all negative. At that time, moors were supposed sexual capacity, savage jealousy, superstitiousness and belief in magic, tendency to anger, cruelty and savagery. Truly, it’s still common not only in England but also all around the world. I believe that, by discovering America, slavery developed and in the end, it did not finished but decreased by Martin Luther King’s effort in 70’s. But still today, racist people feel same things towards to black people. That is to say, blackness in Elizabethan Engla...

Career Path Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Career Path Analysis - Essay Example All the adjectives are then inserted into a four panelled grid called Johari Window, which represents the person. The four panes represent the following: The Joharis Window represents that every person is mysterious and there is more to a person than meets the eye. There are things that a person knows about himself, a person does not know about himself, others know about him and others do not know about him. It helps people deal with their negative qualities in a good way. It also helps in building trust by sharing. In my case, I can use my analysis by the Johari’s Window in a number of scenarios. The open area is best for communication and relations with others. By the expansion of my open area, I am aware of who I am and the others are as well. That enables me and my subject to communicate on the same level and we get each other. In case I am interacting with a new member in the team, the unknown area of the Window is large, as he doesn’t know me and I don’t know him. In case of a person I already know, the open area is larger and the unknown area is relatively